511. Minutes of a Called Meeting of the City Council: Austin Texas Dec. 17th 1896. Hon. Lewis Hancock, Mayor, presiding. Roll called. Present, Aldermen Beaty, Glass, Gorth, Haynes, Horton, Lawless, Sinn, Nitschke, Blatt, Powell, Redd, Roberdeau, Rosengren, Schneider, Shelley, Shumate, Taylor, Townsend and Zillwer. 19. Absent Aldermen Fischer, Glascock and Tobin 3. The following call of the Council was then read: Mayor's Office, Austin Texas Dec. 17th 1896. A special called meeting of the City Council is hereby called to meet in the Council Chambers at 8 oclock P.M. this day, to receive reports from the various committees and to act on same, to ascertain and declare the result of the election held on the 7th of December last, and to install the newly elected Aldermen. Lewis Hancock, Mayor. City Marshals certificate, & serving of call Austin Texas Dec. 17th 1896. 4 P.M. I hereby certify that the following named Aldermen have been served with a copy of the above call by having it read to each of them in person, viz: Beaty, Fischer, Glass, Gorth, Haynes, Horton, Lawless, Sinn, Nitschke, Blatt, Powell, Redd, Roberdeau, Rosengren, Schneider, Shelley, Shumate, Taylor, Tobin, Townsend and Zillwer, and that Alderman Glascock has been served by a true copy having been left at his last known place of residence in the City. Jas. E. Esky, City Marshal. Alderman Fischer entered the Council Chamber and answered to his name. Alderman Powell moved to suspend the regular order of business and Com. of 3 appointed to that a committee of three be appointed by the chair to canvas the Canvas the Election returns returns of the late election, which motion prevailed and the Mayor Schneider Shelley & Redd, Com appointed Aldermen Schneider, Shelley and Redd such Committee. Alderman Taylor moved to now proceed with the regular order, Carried. Water & Light Com. ask for Alderman Fischer for the Water and Light Committee, to whom was further time in regard to In-referred the report of the Superintendent of the Water & Light Plant, surance of Bldg & mchry in regard to insurance on the Power House and machinery, asked for further time in which to make their report, which was upon motion, granted. Specl. Com. to Canvas the The special committee appointed to canvas the returns of the late election Election returns report presented the following report: Hon. Lewis Hancock Mayor and Board of Aldermen: Gentlemen: Your committee appointed to canvas the returns of an election held Monday, Decembr 7th 1896, have examined the returns Aldermen Elected reports and beg leave to report as follows: For Alderman First Ward 1st Ward (1) Powell Votes B.W. Powell received 220 W. P. Mayo received 130 8 For Alderman 2nd. Ward. J.W. Waddell received 250 --- Page break --- 512 A. C. Burch received 177 Maddox's majority 85 For Alderman, Third Ward. 3rd Ward Francis Fischer Francis Fischer received 169 received 39 W. B. Allen Fischer's majority 130 For Alderman, Fourth Ward. 4th Ward Thos. F. Taylor Thos. F. Taylor received 89 Joseph Schulb received 81 Taylor's majority 8 For Alderman Fifth Ward. 5th Ward A. W. Townsend A. W. Townsend received 159 L. M. Croxser received 121 Townsend's majority 38 For Alderman Sixth Ward. 6th Ward A. M. Belvin A. M. Belvin received 215 J. S. Crawford received 175 Belvin's majority 40 For Alderman Seventh Ward. 7th Ward J. B. Nitschke J. B. Nitschke received 334 George S. Walker received 136 Nitschke's majority 198 For Alderman Eighth Ward. 8th Ward H. S. Haynes H. S. Haynes received 210 D. E. Dunn received 40 Haynes' majority 170 For Alderman Ninth Ward. 9th Ward R. Platt R. Platt received 77 For Alderman Tenth Ward. 10th Ward Jos. Kuhn Joseph Kuhn received 250 W. A. Glass received 241 J. O. Bollums received 12 Kuhn's plurality 9 For Alderman Eleventh Ward. 11th Ward W. D. Miller W. D. Miller received 108 Robert Weyman received 76 F. S. Cushman received 21 Miller's plurality 21 J. B. Schneider H. C. Shelley W. C. Redd. The Mayor declared the foregoing report of the Committee was adopted, and The Mayor declared Aldermen elected. the following named, gentlemen duly and Constitutionally elected to serve as Aldermen of their respective Wards for the ensuing two years, viz: J. H. Burch, First Ward; A. M. Maddox Second Ward; Francis Fischer Third Ward; Thomas F. Taylor Fourth Ward; A. W. Townsend Fifth Ward; A. M. Belvin Sixth Ward; J. B. Nitschke Seventh Ward; H. S. Haynes Eighth Ward; R. Platt Ninth Ward; Joseph Kuhn Tenth Ward, and W. D. Miller... --- Page break --- 513 Eleventh Ward. Com. of 3 appointed to intro- Alderman Blass moved that a committee of three duce newly elected Aldermen be appointed to introduce the newly elected Aldermen; which motion prevailed and the chair appointed Aldermen Blass, Beaty and Horton, who then introduced the newly elected Aldermen Aldermen elect take oath and oath of office was then administered to each of them by Recorder Carleton. of Office. Roll Called. Roll called. Present Aldermen Beaty, Belvin, Fischer, Haynes, Horton, Kuhn, Sawlass, Linn, Maddox, Miller, Nitschner, Platt, Powell, Redd, Roberdeau, Rosengrand, Schneider, Shelley, Stumpf, Taylor, Townsend and Zilker. 22. Absent none. Council proceed to elect a Alderman Stumpf moved that the Council now proceed to the election President of the Board of a President of the Board of Aldermen, which motion prevailed. Tellers Stumpf, Townsen & Belvin The Mayor appointed Aldermen Stumpf, Townsend and Belvin as Tellers. Nominations Nominations for President of the Board of Aldermen being in order. Alderman Shelley Alderman Fischer nominated Alderman Shelley. " Linn! Alderman Powell nominated Alderman Linn. Alderman Redd, and Platt seconded the nomination of Alderman Linn. 1st Ballot The Tellers announced the following as the result of the first ballot: no election Alderman Shelley received 10 Votes. Alderman Linn received 10 Votes. No one having received a majority of all the votes, a new ballot was ordered. 2nd Ballot The result of the second ballot was as follows: Alderman Linn elected Alderman Linn received 11 votes! Alderman Shelley received 9 votes! Alderman Linn having received a majority of all the votes cast, the Mayor declared him duly and constitutionally elected President of the Board of Aldermen for the ensuing term. Mayor announced following The Mayor announced the appointment of the following standing comStanding Committees for 1894. mittees viz: Water & Light Committee, Aldermen Fischer, Sawless and Maddox. Streets, Aldermen Zilker, Nitschner and Stumpf. Finance, Aldermen Townsend, Shelley and Taylor. Parks, Aldermen Schneider, Haynes and Miller. Fire Department, Aldermen Roberdeau, Beaty and Powell. Police, Aldermen Taylor, Haynes and Belvin. Ordinances, Aldermen Shelley, Schneider and Roberdeau. Claims and Accounts, Aldermen Platt, Horton and Zilker. Printing, Aldermen Haynes, Rosengrant and Belvin. Markets, Aldermen Redd, Horton and Kuhn. Cemetery, Aldermen Horton, Rosengrant and Townsend. Sanitation and Sewerage, Aldermen Stumpf, Roberdeau and Linn. Hospital, Aldermen Taylor, Beaty and Kuhn. Charity, Aldermen Nitschner, Miller and Kuhn. Burial, Aldermen Linn, Platt and Redd. [illegible] The Mayor then read the following message: Mayor's Office, W. Blass, December 12th 1894. --- Page break --- 14 Mayor’s Annual Message to City Council. To the Honorable City Council: Gentlemen, In view of the present condition of the City’s finances I think it proper to lay before you such information as I have as to the probable revenue and necessary expenditures, so that you may be as fully informed as possible on the subject before you begin your labors! I shall call your attention first to the financial condition of the Water and Light Department, not only because of its supreme importance, but also because we must rely to some extent upon the earnings of this department for assistance to the General Fund of the City and we must examine the resources and needs of the Plant before we can determine how much assistance the General Fund can hope for from this source. I need not do more than call your attention to the fact that our great Plant, though an enormous amount of work has been done upon it, is defective in the details of furnishing an ample supply of pure water, and a satisfactory electrical service to the people. It is plain that not only the comfort and health of the people, but the success and development of the Plant itself demand that these defects be remedied at once, no matter what they cost and no matter what sacrifices we may have to get the necessary money. I am happy to say, however, that in my opinion these defects can be cured in a short time and the Plant put in perfect working condition during the life of this Council, and without going outside the Water and Light Fund and the net earnings of the Plant to do so. The Water Department: There are two capital defects in this department. First, lack of ample supply. The twenty inch main from the Power House into the City can deliver under normal conditions and with safety to the machinery, only 5,000,000 gals. of water per day of twenty four hours while the experience of last summer demonstrated that the demand often exceeded 6,000,000 gals, even with the water towers we now have. A new main from the Power house to the City by way of 19th street would cost about $40,000.00 Second, lack of pure water. It has been demonstrated over and over again that the water in the lake is frequently unfit for use. The spring, from which so much was hoped, has proved a great disappointment in that during the recent rise of the river it also became muddy and convinced us for some six weeks. From observations during this period I became convinced that we could not rely upon the spring as our only source of water supply, even if it were safe to increase the flow by connecting additional pumps, and even if we had the money to make the connections and to lay another main to the City. In this condition, there are four courses open to us to secure our water supply, any one of which would be practicable if we had the money. First, to sink a well or wells at the Power house. This would cost from ten thousand dollars upward and would necessitate the laying of another main to the City, bringing the total cost to fifty thousand dollars or more. and is therefore impracticable, besides being objectionable for other reasons --- Page break --- Mayor's Annual Message to City Council. Second, to establish a system of artificial filters at the Powerhouse. This would cost from Fifty to a Hundred thousand dollars, besides necessitating another main to the City, and is therefore impracticable, besides being objectionable for other reasons. Third, to bring one or more of the springs on Barton's Creek and force the Water into our system of mains by pumps run by electrical motors, deriving power from the present Powerhouse. This plan commends itself for the reason that we would have an inexhaustible supply of pure water, always beyond the reach of floods. If it were capable of being carried out with the means at our disposal, I should ask your serious consideration of it. It would cost from Sixty to Seventy-five thousand dollars, however, and for that reason is at present impracticable. Fourth, to establish an electric pumping station on the high bank of the Colorado River, somewhere west of the Cotton Compress and to draw the naturally filtered water of the river from the sand bank by means of a canal fed by well points. The canal may or may not be covered up, as we see fit. Superintendent Patterson, who has made careful estimates the total cost of this plan, including Pump houses, 250 H. P. electric motor, moving one Stillwell and Pierce Pump, canal, and twenty inch main into the heart of our water system would be Seventy thousand dollars. This is within our means and would give us a four million gallon supply of pure water. The entire practicability of this plan can be ascertained by inspecting the plant of the old water Company in the immediate neighborhood of the point suggested. This plan meets with the approval of the Water and Light Committee and of the Superintendent, and I therefore recommend it to your consideration with a view to early action. The defects in the Electrical Department are more numerous and more technical in character and can be better presented to you in detail by Supt. Patterson at the proper time. They are confined chiefly to the lack of sufficient dynamos to do the work soon to be required of the plant, and to the present unfortunate method of transmitting the power from the wheels to the dynamos. After careful investigation of the conditions, Supt. Patterson recommends that improvements be made at once by the following purchases and changes: Shifting all to twin power, at right angles in Water Wheels $6,648.00 Main shaft 15 foot level, 110 ft. long, from which all dynamos have been 9,666.00 Changes in floor necessary to get shaft 680.00 One 80 light Arc machine and two 250 H. P. power machines 4,720.00 Total Cost $21,714.00 Sundry improvements in the system, such as connecting the Lunatic Asylum stand pipe with our mains by a twelve inch pipe, &c., would probably amount to $3,000.00 or $3,500.00 making cost of proposed improvements as follows: New Pumping Station 70,000.00 Improvements in Power House 21,700.00 Sundry improvements, say 3,300.00 Total $95,000.00 --- Page break --- 516 Mayor's Annual Message/ These figures are for changes that are absolutely necessary and are estimated to City Council. with the utmost economy, so that I recommend that the resources of the Water and Light Plant be husbanded with the utmost care, and certainly that they be left intact to that extent. There is at present left in the Water and Light Fund the sum of $28,431.60 but payments out of it on obligations incurred previous to the last fiscal year will probably reduce it to about $25,000.00. The receipts of the plant for the last fiscal year, exclusive of sums paid by the City, were $47,778.00. The receipts will of course continue to increase as the plant is put in more perfect condition and especially as the electric business is developed and pushed. But it must be remembered that we have already nearly all the large consumers. After careful study of the outlook I do not consider it safe to estimate an increase, at our present prices, of more than about Ten thousand dollars which would bring the receipts for this fiscal year to say $58,000.00. The operating expenses of the plant for the last fiscal year were a little over $25,000.00. As the next few months will be a period of construction, and the construction of a new Pumping Station is probable, this outlay is not likely to be reduced during this fiscal year. The ordinary local extensions of the plant, to get the new business hoped for may be estimated at $5,000.00. This makes a total estimated charge upon the earnings of $30,000.00 which, deducted from the estimated receipts of $58,000.00 leaves an estimated balance of $28,000.00, as the net revenue of the plant. By adding this sum to the balance of $25,000.00 left in the Water and Light Fund, we have $53,000.00 as the probable amount available for improvements in the plant and for General revenue purposes. As stated above, the necessary improvements, economically made, are estimated to cost $5,000.00, which would leave a balance of $48,000.00 of the Earnings fund which may be safely used for General revenue purposes. General Revenue. The General revenue for the present fiscal year as estimated by the Assessor and Collector, is as follows: General Revenue Tax former years $ 5,000.00 License Tax. $ 9,700.00 Recorders Court $ 2,400.00 Travis County Act. Hospital $ 7,000.00 Fines and Sales $ 500.00 Dog Tax $ 45.00 Miscellaneous $ 800.00 General Revenue Tax 1896. $ 41,279.00 Total. $ 67,779.00 The expenditures as just shown, as availably from the Earnings Fund. The expenditures on account of General Revenue for the last fiscal year as shown by the Annual report of the City Clerk, were as follows: Salaries of Officers $ 13,845.00 Police $ 15,770.00 City Cemetery $ 558.07 Sanitary Dept. $ 4,330.00 --- Page break --- Mayor's Annual Message to City Council. Fire Department Street Department Meals for City Prisoners City and County Hospital. Printing, Stationery &c. Charity Water and Light Salary Pound Master " Porter " Auditor " Aldermen Miscellaneous Total. 8,549.05 17,015.77 470.50 4,618.79 2767.11 1053.81 6,983.80 476.00 480.00 750.00 2430.00 5240.01 79,784.94 To this must be added the sum of $10,760.00 due to the old Water Company on judgement, making a total of $90,544.94. On the other hand, as it is the present policy of this City not to pay to the Earnings Fund of the Water and Light Plant for the Water and Light used by the City, there may be deducted from the above amount the sum of $6,983.80 paid last year on that account, leaving a balance of $83,559.14. Expenditures for the present fiscal year, based upon last year's expenditures & the estimated General revenue, with the assistance of the Earnings Fund, amounts to only $70,259.09, this shows a deficit of $13,300.05. It is plain therefore that to prevent expenditures exceeding receipts, the dishonoring of the City's obligations and all the waste and confusion of a floating debt, the City Council must face the serious problem of cutting down expenditures as compared with last year. This particular method of doing this rests with you, but it is my duty to point out to you such reductions as can in my opinion be made to the best advantage, and I therefore do so, with the hope that you will give them your careful consideration, and the assurance that any better method, either in whole or in part, is suggested by you it will meet my hearty approval. It must be remembered that the salaries of the Charter Officers, except the Mayor and Aldermen, are fixed by the Charter and cannot be diminished during the term for which they were elected. It must be further remembered that the City Government of last year was not extravagant in all departments, and that there are not one or two departments of the government in which the saving can be affected, but that it must be as nearly as possible distributed among all departments. Bearing in mind the present hard times and that it is only just that the City should cut down expenses when all its citizens are forced to do so, I recommend to your consideration the following reductions fully believing that they can be made without material disadvantage to the City and in some cases distinctly to its advantage: Mayor's Salary, $ 600.00 One regular meeting of the City Council per month, instead of two; saving 1,370.00 --- Page break --- 518 Mayor's Annual Message to City Council. The following employes dispensed with Bridge Dept. Two Mounted Policemen at $76.00 each, and two foot Policemen at $70.00 each $152.00 and require the Superintendent of Streets to take charge of the Chain gang thereby releasing one Policeman for regular duty and leaving the net reduction of the force only three Policemen instead of four. All repairs etc. in the Fire Department should be paid out of the $3300.00 paid by the City, saving over last year $449.05 Street Work. In this department I recommend an immediate and radical change in the method, with a view not only to economy but also to effectiveness. The Street Department at present comprises the City Engineer at $1200.00 per year, the Superintendent of Streets at $1050.00 per year, one Policeman to look after the Chain gang, at $70.00 per year and last year employed eight drivers, a ploughman and a hostler at an expenditure of $1494.94 and extra Street Laborers at an expenditure of $4008.92. Paid out for blacksmithing $539.49, for Stock feed $894.44, for lumber $659.69, for culvert Pipe $70.08.92 and for other items $514.87, bringing the total expenditure for the Street work to $15,015.77. For this expenditure of money I think it will not be denied that the City has accomplished comparatively little. One fairly well made Street for about a mile and a quarter of its length, will probably last for some years. The other Street work is mostly temporary in its character and cannot possibly last over two or three years, at the end of which time the City will have nothing to show for its money. The fault is not in the management of the Street force, but in the system. I believe the Street Committee and the City Officers have done the best they could, and the fact that we have never made any effort to introduce some new method into the system has been too strong for them. The Street force, consisting of eight wagons, sixteen mules, ten regular employes and numerous extra Street Laborers besides the Chain gang is a mere plaything, a toy to be pulled around from one ward to another as the activity and pertinacity of the respective Aldermen may decide. It is a political machine, which is expected to operate more or less equitably in each ward at least once a year, without regard to the needs of the City or the condition of the Streets. The Aldermen themselves cannot be blamed for this, for as long as these conditions prevail. The Council, as a Council, has no present interest or control over street work except to grudgingly dole out each month as much or little as can be spared from my knowledge, as a Council, where no such Alderman, instead of publicly presenting the needs of his Ward, or of the City to the Council, must depend upon persuasion with its Committee, and thus begs the amount of work done by it, is notoriously out of force, and the men work as well as its employes, is a too loose political. --- Page break --- Mayor's Annual Message to City Council. employees generally do, and there is a general laxness in the management of the force that renders it a most extravagant instrument for street improvements. For these reasons I recommend that a radical change be made in the whole system with a view to establishing a complete distinction between repair work, proper, such as repairing streets already made, filling up and cleaning out after heavy rains, &c. and improvements or regular street work. The repair work proper can be done by two teams with the assistance of the chain gang, under the care of the Superintendent of Streets. The improvement of streets can best be done by contract. I therefore recommend that the City sell all except two of the best wagons and teams which shall be kept as above for repair work, and that hereafter all the improvements be done by contract at such places and times and in such amounts as shall be prescribed by the Council, according to plans and specifications drawn up by the City Engineer, under the general supervision of the Street Committee and approved of by the Council, such contracts to be let to the lowest and best bidder and performed under the supervision of the City Engineer, and Street Committee. Under such a system the street work would be taken out of the politics, employment under the City thrown open to all the laborers in the City instead of being confined to a favored few, and the City would accomplish at least twice as much in the way of genuine Street improvement for the same money as it accomplishes now. By this system the annual cost of the regular street force would be as follows estimated from last years expenditures: Pay of two teamsters, $960.00 Skilled force, Blacksmithing &c. $400.00 Total, $1360.00 As the cost of the Street force last year, exclusive of the salaries of the City Engineer and Superintendent of Streets, was $17015.77, this would leave a balance, upon the basis of last years expenditures, of $10,655.77. I am confident that $6,000.00, judiciously spent upon contract work, would accomplish more than that $17000.00 spent last year, besides effecting a saving of $4655.77 in the disbursements of the General Fund! If the Sanitary work can also be done by contract I would favor it, though I have not as yet devised any plan for so doing. If the present system is to be maintained, it would seem desirable, in the present condition of the finances of the City to reduce the force by dispensing with two teams and the extra Sanitary laborers, entailing a reduction of $700.00. How far economy can be exercised in the Hospital, Printing, Charity, and Miscellaneous Accounts depends upon the vigilance and attention to business of the committees, but I believe that with careful attention the expenditures on those accounts may be reduced by say $1500.00. The reductions in expenditures above recommended aggregate $14,136.77. If this sum is deducted from the sum of $28,559.14 the estimated expenditures for this year based upon last years disbursements, it leaves a balance of $14,422.37 as the estimated disbursements for this year on account of General revenue. As the estimated revenue was stated at $40,779.00 519 --- Page break --- 520 Mayor's Annual Message an estimated surplus of $806.27 is shown, which is certainly as small as we can to City Council. venture upon. As stated above, the problem of reducing expenses to agree with revenue is a serious one, and I have made the above recommendations only after a prolonged study of the situation and with a view to economise without crippling the City in the performance of its duties. If you can suggest other and better measures of economy I shall be glad to accept them in place of those above suggested, but I cannot too strongly impress upon you my belief that economies of some kind must be affected. And to obtain the amount indicated. The only other alternatives are to take from the Water and Light Plant the means of completing and perfecting it, or to let the City's bills go unpaid, either of which alternatives would meet my unalterable opposition. In conclusion I desire to call your attention briefly to the important matter of amending our City Charter. As stated to the Council when I first became Mayor, I am earnestly in favor of the creation of a Commission to have exclusive control of the Water and Light Plant, and I am sure the people of the City and the Council favor the same policy. The task of drawing such an amendment so that it shall cover all points and shall provide proper authority for the proposed commission to satisfactorily discharge its duties, is a most important, difficult and delicate one, requiring the best thought and thorough legal knowledge. I therefore ask that the Council authorize the creation of a committee, consisting, say, of Four Aldermen, and City Attorney, and Four Citizens who shall draw up the proposed amendment as well as others that may seem desirable. In view of the fact that public notice of such action must be given thirty days before such a bill can be considered by the Legislature, I ask that you authorize such a committee at your present meeting so that the committee may be able to report at your next regular meeting on the 21st of this month. Respectfully, Lewis Hencox, Mayor. Mayor authorized to appoint Alderman Saylor moved that the message be received and printed in full a Com. of 4 Citizens & 4 members in the minutes of the Council. Carried. of Council with Mayor & Alderman Saylor then moved that the Mayor be authorized to appoint City Attorney, relative to a Committee of four Citizens outside of the Council, and four members Charter Amendment. of the Council, who, with the Mayor and City Attorney, shall constitute a committee to whom shall be referred that part of the Mayor's message relative to an amendment to the City Charter, and that the balance of the message be laid over until the next meeting of the Council, which motion prevailed. Finance Com. report on Alderman Townsend, for the Finance Committee, to whom was referred Bond of Water & Light Plant. the Bond of the Superintendent of the Water and Light Plant, presented their report stating that they were of the opinion that said Bond would fully protect the interest of the City and recommend that it be received and approved. The report of the Committee was adopted. E. Boston Fire Company No. 1, An invitation was read from East. Boston Fire Company, No. 1 to Mayor and City Officials to inviting the Mayor and Board of Aldermen, and City Officials to [illegible] attend their [illegible] [illegible] --- Page break --- 521 attend their eleventh annual Ball, to be given at their hall on January 1st 1897, and, on motion, the same was accepted with thanks! On motion of Alderman Lawless, the Council adjourned. R. O. Burgess Clerk. D 7 : t h e t i m e : a l l a n d : : : o r 1 5 l o o : t o b e u p p a r t y . D 7 : t h e t i m e : o r l l l o o : t o c o r e t o t h e : a l l : o f p a r t y 1 / 1 8 2 9 T O P . K J I I G F D L D ? . Z X . V 1 L L R ? ? . J o y t o t h e t i m e f o r l l l o o : m e n : t o c o m e t o t h e r i n e o f t h e p a r t y 1 3 : t h e t i m e : o r l l l o o : m e n : o c o m e t o t h e r i n e o f h e p a r t y 1 / 1 S T Q P I C J o y t o t h e t i m e f o r l l l o o : m e n : t o c o m e t o t h e r i n o f t h e p a r t y 1 3 1 1 3 : t h e t i m e : o f l l l o o : m e n : o c o m e t o t h e a i d o f h e p a t y 2 , R T V U T O P Q K J I I G F D L D A : Z X C V B N M U ? . ( 1 ' 8 - T ^ 4 ! " ? ; 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 p o l u y t r o w q r n d f g h j k l ; - . , m n b v x x /