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Austin's Wartime Milk Crisis & Taxi Boom

Wednesday, November 25, 1942 regular
  • Over a dozen new taxicab driver permits and vehicle licenses were approved, including for several Black applicants, indicating a high demand for transportation services.
  • A crucial recessed meeting addressed an acute city-wide milk shortage, exacerbated by nearby army camps, leading to intense debate over allowing lower-grade milk.
  • To mitigate the shortage, the city considered allowing "ungraded, pasteurized milk" for general sale (though opposed by the Health Officer) and decided to permit it for ice cream manufacturing, with plans to repeal the Grade A milk requirement for ice cream.

Full Transcript

REGULAR MEITING OF THE CITY COUNCIL: Austin, Texas, November 25, 1942 The City Council convened in regular session, at the regular meeting place in the Council Chamber at the Municipal Building, on November 25, 1942, at 10:45 A. M., the meeting having been held on Wednesday, preceding Thanksgiving Day. Roll call showed the following members presents Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; absent, Councilman Wolf. There wore present also: Walter E. Seaholm, Acting City Manager; Gibson R. Randle, Acting City Attorney; and R. D. Thorp, Chief of Police. The Minutes of the regular meeting of November 19, 1942, were read, and upon motion of Councilman Alford, were adopted as read by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Chester Grover Hamby, 1809 East 18th Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Alford moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Claude Leo Lane, 906 Holly Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Alford moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following votes "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "naye," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Lawrence William McMillan, 305 East 8th Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Alford moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: Hayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Willie Kirk, Colored, 1403 Cedar Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Alford moved that the appl1cation be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Herman Rufus Barnett, Colored, 1102 Toyath Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following voter "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, 0111is, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Lester Warren Walker, Colored, 2407 East 12th Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following votes "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "naye," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Louis E. Polk, Colored, 1010 Olive Street, for a taxicab driver's permit, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Randolph Hawkins, 1010 Juniper Street, for license to operate as a taxicab a 2-door Chevrolet Sedan, 1942 Model, Motor No. BA166515, State License No. K98-594, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. 83 84 The application of David L. Rucker, Colored, 1709 East 12th Street, for a license to operate as a taxionb a Ford Sedan, 1939 Model, Motor No. 4796623, State License No. N12-056, duly approved by the Acting Oity Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The application of Louis E. Polk, Colored, 1010 Oliver Street, for a license to operate as a taxicab a Plymouth Bedan, 1936 Model, Motor No. P2117695, State License No. N21-808, duly approved by the Acting City Manager, et al., was submitted. Councilman Bartholomew moved that the application be granted. The motion prevailed by the following vote: "ayes," Councilmen Alford, Bartholomew, Gillis, and Mayor Miller; "nays," none; Councilman Wolf absent. The appeal of Carl R. Bounds on his application for a taxicab driver's permit, which had been recommended for denial, was heard, but no action taken. Upon motion of Councilman Alford, seconded by Councilman Gillis, the meeting was recessed at 11:25 A. M., subject to call of the Mayor. ATTEST: CITY CLERK APPROVED, Jomilla. MAYOR RECESSED MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL: Austin, Texas, December 2, 1942 4. سة The City Council convened in recensed mansion, in the Council Chamber at the Municipal Building, on December 2, 1942, at 3:30 P. M., with Mayor Tom Miller presiding. Roll call showed the following members present: Councilmen Alford, 0111in, and Mayor Miller; absent, Councilmen Bartholomow and Wolf. There wore present also: Dr. Harold Wood, Acting City Health Officer; Gibson R.Randle, Acting City Attorney; J. M. Patterson, Jr., Assistant City Attorney; a large delegation of milk and 100 cream denlers; and other citizens. The Mayor stated that the meeting was called for a discussion with the milk and ice cream dealers of the City regarding the acute milk shortage existing here, occasioned, in part, by the location of the army camps at Camp Swift and Del Valle. The meeting was then thrown open to discussion, in, substantially, the following mannert Dr. Wood, Acting City Health Officer, exhibited samples of several filter tests made from milk that is being brought into the City from various places, and declared that pasteurization and filtration of such milk should be controlled. The question of allowing the sale of ungraded, pasteurized milk in the City was then discussed. A majority of the dealers indorsed the proposal on the grounds that it would prevent curtailment of supply, and that pasteurization would kill all disease-producing bacteria. The dealers further declared that unless the sale of ungraded, pasteurised milk were allowed, the City's fluid supply would be reduced by 25% to 30%. Dr. Wood, Acting City Health Officer, strongly objected to the proposal, declaring that no other city that he has knowledge of allown samo. He recommended the sale of Grade Three, pasteurized milk; but not ungraded pasteurized milk. Dr. O. T. Williams, Professor of Bacteriology at the University of Texas, gave as his opinion that pasteurization of milk, if properly done, would kill all diseaseproducing bacteria. 84 84 The question as to the character of milk to be used in the manufacture of ice cream also came up. Following the discussion on the matter, Dr. Wood, Acting City Health Officer, agreed that any ungraded milk that passen #2 filter tent and is then pasteurized would be allowed in the manufacture of ice cream. The question as to where inspection of the milk for the manufacture of ice cream should be made - whether at the source of supply or after it renches Austin was then discussed. It was finally agreed by the dealers that the inspection should be made at the place designated by Dr. Wood. Following the discussions aforesaid, it was the sense of the meeting that that provision of the Milk Ordinance requiring the use of Grade A milk in the manufacture of ice cream should be repealed. ATTEST: The meeting was then recossed, subject to call of the Mayor. mi CITY CLERK APPROVED Jon Milla. MAYOR